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Nepal's Capital

             
             Kathmandu Valley

The cultural heritage of the Kathmandu Valley is illustrated by seven groups of monuments and buildings which display the full range of historic and artistic achievements for which the Kathmandu Valley is world famous. The seven include the Durbar Squares of Hanuman Dhoka (Kathmandu), Patan and Bhaktapur, the Buddhist stupas of Swayambhu and Bauddhanath and the Hindu temples of Pashupati and Changu Narayan.










Outstanding Universal Value
Brief synthesis
Located in the foothills of the Himalayas, the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage property is inscribed as seven Monument Zones. These monument zones are the Durbar squares or urban centres with their palaces, temples and public spaces of the three cities of Kathmandu (Hanuman Dhoka), Patan and Bhaktapur, and the religious ensembles of Swayambhu, Bauddhanath, Pashupati and Changu Narayan. The religious ensemble of Swayambhu includes the oldest Buddhist monument (a stupa) in the Valley; that of Bauddhanath includes the largest stupa in Nepal; Pashupati has an extensive Hindu temple precinct, and Changu Narayan comprises traditional Newari settlement, and a Hindu temple complex with one of the earliest inscriptions in the Valley from the fifth century AD. The unique tiered temples are mostly made of fired brick with mud mortar and timber structures. The roofs are covered with small overlapping terracotta tiles, with gilded brass ornamentation. The windows, doorways and roof struts have rich decorative carvings. The stupas have simple but powerful forms with massive, whitewashed hemispheres supporting gilded cubes with the all-seeing eternal Buddha eyes.
As Buddhism and Hinduism developed and changed over the centuries throughout Asia, both religions prospered in Nepal and produced a powerful artistic and architectural fusion beginning at least from the 5th century AD, but truly coming into its own in the three hundred year period between 1500 and 1800 AD. These monuments were defined by the outstanding cultural traditions of the Newars, manifested in their unique urban settlements, buildings and structures with intricate ornamentation displaying outstanding craftsmanship in brick, stone, timber and bronze that are some of the most highly developed in the world.
Criterion (iii): The seven monument ensembles represent an exceptional testimony to the traditional civilization of the Kathmandu Valley. The cultural traditions of the multi ethnic people who settled in this remote Himalayan valley over the past two millennia, referred to as the Newars, is manifested in the unique urban society which boasts of one of the most highly developed craftsmanship of brick, stone, timber and bronze in the world. The coexistence and amalgamation of Hinduism and Buddhism with animist rituals and Tantrism is considered unique.
Criterion (iv): The property is comprised of exceptional architectural typologies, ensembles and urban fabric illustrating the highly developed culture of the Valley, which reached an apogee between 1500 and 1800 AD. The exquisite examples of palace complexes, ensembles of temples and stupas are unique to the Kathmandu Valley.
Criterion (vi): The property is tangibly associated with the unique coexistence and amalgamation of Hinduism and Buddhism with animist rituals and Tantrism. The symbolic and artistic values are manifested in the ornamentation of the buildings, the urban structure and often the surrounding natural environment, which are closely associated with legends, rituals and festivals. 
Integrity
All the attributes that express the outstanding universal value of the Kathmandu Valley are represented through the seven monument zones established with the boundary modification accepted by the World Heritage Committee in 2006. These encompass the seven historic ensembles and their distinct contexts. The majority of listed buildings are in good condition and the threat of urban development is being controlled through the Integrated Management Plan. However the property continues to be vulnerable to encroaching development, in particular new infrastructure.
Authenticity
The authenticity of the property is retained through the unique form, design, material and substance of the monuments, displaying a highly developed traditional craftsmanship and situated within a traditional urban or natural setting. Even though the Kathmandu Valley has undergone immense urbanization, the authenticity of the historic ensembles as well as much of the traditional urban fabric within the boundaries has been retained.

Protection and management requirements
The designated property has been declared a protected monument zone under the Ancient Monument Preservation Act, 1956, providing the highest level of national protection. The property has been managed by the coordinative action of tiers of central government, local government and non-governmental organizations within the responsibilities and authorities clearly enumerated in the Integrated Management Plan for the Kathmandu World Heritage Property adopted in 2007.
The implementation of the Integrated Management Plan will be reviewed in five-year cycles allowing necessary amendments and augmentation to address changing circumstances. A critical component that will be addressed is disaster risk management for the property.

Long Description

The Monumental Zones represent the highly developed architectural expression of religious, political and cultural life of Kathmandu Valley, with a concentration of monuments unique and unparalleled in the world. It is the principal centre of settlement in the hill area of Nepal and one of the prime cultural foci of the Himalayas. Pashupatinath is also Nepal's most renowned Hindu creation site. Changu Narayan Temple is an impressive double-roofed temple which is said to be the most ancient Vishnu temple in Kathmandu Valley.
Kathmandu, the capital, is the political, commercial and cultural hub of Nepal. Kathmandu is an exotic and fascinating showcase of a very rich culture, art and tradition. The valley, roughly an oval bowl, is encircled by a range of green terraced hills and dotted by compact clusters of red tiled-roofed houses. A remarkable legend says that the valley was once covered by a lake until the Bodhisattva Manjushri raised his sword of wisdom and sliced a passage through the mountain walls, draining the water and creating the first settlements.
The valley embraces most of Nepal's ethnic groups, but Newars are the indigenous inhabitants and the creators of the valley's splendid civilization. Kathmandu Valley is composed of seven Monumental Zones with three historical palaces within their essential urban settings (Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur), two Hindu centres (Pashupatinath and Changu Narayan ), and two Buddhist centres (Swayambunath and Boudhanath ).
The city of Kathmandu is a melting pot for the nation's population, not only today but also in times past, which probably explains the rich cultural heritage of the city. Kathmandu with its unique architectural heritage, palaces, temples and courtyards has inspired many writers, artists, and poets, both foreign and Nepalese. It boasts a unique symbiosis of Hinduism, Buddhism and Tantrism in its culture, which is still as alive today as it was hundreds of years ago. The religious influence can be openly seen in the city. Most of the principal monuments are in Durbar Square , the social, religious and urban focal point of the city, built between the 12th and the 18th centuries by the ancient Malla kings of Nepal. Some of the most interesting are the Taleju Temple, Kal Bhairab, Nautalle Durbar, Coronation Nasal Chowk, and the Gaddi Baithak, the statue of King Pratap Malla, the Big Bell, Big Drum and the Jaganath Temple.
Another intriguing piece here is the 17th-century stone inscription that is set into the wall of the palace, with writings in 15 languages. It is believed that if anybody deciphers this entire inscription, milk would flow from the spout, which lies just below the unscripted stone wall. Some people say that the inscription contains coded directions to a treasure that King Pratap Malla has buried beneath Mohan Chowk of Durbar Square.
Lalitpur or Patan, just across the holy Bagmati River about 14 km east of Kathmandu city, is a fabulous city of great historic and cultural interest. Bhaktapur (Bhadgaon) is situated at an altitude of 1,401 m. Shaped liked a conch-shell, Bhaktapur means the 'city of devotees'.
Pashupatinath, 5 km north-east of Kathmandu Valley, is one of the most important Hindu temples. It is Nepal's most sacred Hindu shrines and one of the subcontinent's greatest Shiva sites, a sprawling collection of temples, ashrams, images and inscriptions raised over the centuries along the banks of the sacred Bagmati river.

Historical Description

The Kathmandu Valley has been the politically and culturally dominating part of Nepal. Its legendary and documented histories are so interrelated that these are difficult to separate. A political establishment of the area is dated to the beginning of the Christian era, the Kirati period. This was followed by the Kichchhavi Dynasty from the 3rd to 9th centuries. Patan is believed to have expanded into a consolidated town by the end of the 7th century. The town of Kathmandu was established by a later Lichchhavi king. After the 9th century, there is a dark period until 14th century and the arrival of the Mallas, which is an important period for the flourishing of Nepalese art and architecture. These developed into a growing spiritual orientation towards Tantrism, making it difficult to separate purely Buddhist from purely Hindu art. From the middle of the 13th century, the city of Bhadgaon (Bhaktapur) prospered and became a major training centre. The valley was divided into three rival kingdoms, competing between themselves and bringing the artistic expressions to the highest point by the mid 18th century. In 1769 the valley was conquered and united by a leader coming from the outside, Prithvi Narayan Shah. He made Kathmandu his royal city, and the Hanuman Dhoka Palace his residence. In 1833 and 1934, two catastrophic earthquakes brought destruction, and some of the monuments had to be rebuilt using much of the original elements and decoration.








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The Story of Lord Buddha

                                

               BUDDHA WAS BORN IN NEPAL

Siddhartha Gautama, the Lord Buddha, was born in 623 B.C. in the famous gardens of Lumbini, which soon became a place of pilgrimage. Among the pilgrims was the Indian emperor Ashoka, who erected one of his commemorative pillars there. The site is now being developed as a Buddhist pilgrimage centre, where the archaeological remains associated with the birth of the Lord Buddha form a central feature.

 Outstanding Universal Value

  Brief synthesis


The Lord Buddha was born in 623 BC in the sacred area of Lumbini located in the Terai plains of southern Nepal, testified by the inscription on the pillar erected by the Mauryan Emperor Asoka in 249 BC. Lumbini is one of the holiest places of one of the world's great religions, and its remains contain important evidence about the nature of Buddhist pilgrimage centres from as early as the 3rd century BC.
The complex of structures within the archaeological conservation area includes the Shakya Tank; the remains within the Maya Devi Temple consisting of brick structures in a cross-wall system dating from the 3rd century BC to the present century and the sandstone Ashoka pillar with its Pali inscription in Brahmi script. Additionally there are the excavated remains of Buddhist viharas (monasteries) of the 3rd century BC to the 5th century AD and the remains of Buddhist stupas (memorial shrines) from the 3rd century BC to the 15th century AD. The site is now being developed as a Buddhist pilgrimage centre, where the archaeological remains associated with the birth of the Lord Buddha form a central feature.
Criterion (iii): As the birthplace of the Lord Buddha, testified by the inscription on the Asoka pillar, the sacred area in Lumbini is one of the most holy and significant places for one of the world’s great religions.
Criterion (vi): The archaeological remains of the Buddhist viharas (monasteries) and stupas (memorial shrines) from the 3rd century BC to the 15th century AD, provide important evidence about the nature of Buddhist pilgrimage centres from a very early period.



 Integrity


The integrity of Lumbini has been achieved by means of preserving the archaeological remains within the property boundary that give the property its Outstanding Universal Value. The significant attributes and elements of the property have been preserved. The buffer zone gives the property a further layer of protection. Further excavations of potential archaeological sites and appropriate protection of the archaeological remains are a high priority for the integrity of the property. The property boundary however does not include the entire archaeological site and various parts are found in the buffer zone. The entire property including the buffer zone is owned by the Government of Nepal and is being managed by the Lumbini Development Trust and therefore there is little threat of development or neglect. However the effects of industrial development in the region have been identified as a threat to the integrity of the property.

Authenticity

The authenticity of the archaeological remains within the boundaries has been confirmed through a series of excavations since the discovery of the Asoka pillar in 1896. The remains of viharas, stupas and numerous layers of brick structures from the 3rd century BC to the present century at the site of the Maya Devi Temple are proof of Lumbini having been a centre of pilgrimage from early times. The archaeological remains require active conservation and monitoring to ensure that the impact of natural degradation, influence of humidity and the impact of the visitors are kept under control. The property continues to express its Outstanding Universal Value through its archaeological remains. The delicate balance must be maintained between conserving the archaeological vestiges of the property while providing for the pilgrims.

Protection and management requirements

The property site is protected by the Ancient Monument Preservation Act 1956. The site management is carried out by the Lumbini Development Trust, an autonomous and non-profit making organization. The entire property is owned by the Government of Nepal. The property falls within the centre of the Master Plan area, the planning of which was initiated together with the United Nations and carried out by Prof. Kenzo Tange between 1972 and 1978.
The long-term challenges for the protection and management of the property are to control the impact of visitors, and natural impacts including humidity and the industrial development in the region. A Management Plan is in the process of being developed to ensure the long-term safeguarding of the archaeological vestiges of the property while allowing for the property to continue being visited by pilgrims and tourists from around the world.

Long Description

As the birthplace of the Lord Buddha - the apostle of peace and the light of Asia was born in 623 BC - the sacred area of Lumbini is one of the holiest places of one of the world's great religions, and its remains contain important evidence about the nature of Buddhist pilgrimage centres from a very early period. Lumbini, in the South-Western Terai of Nepal, evokes a kind of holy sentiment to the millions of Buddhists all over the world, like Jerusalem to Christians and Mecca to Muslims.
Lumbini is the place where the Buddha, known as the Tathagata, was born. It is the place which should be visited and seen by a person of devotion and which should cause awareness and apprehension of the nature of impermanence. The site and its surrounding area is endowed with a rich natural setting of domesticable fauna and favourable agricultural environ. Historically, the region is an exquisite treasure-trove of ancient ruins and antiquities, dating back to the pre-Christian era. The site, described as a beautiful garden in the Buddha's time, still retains its legendary charm and beauty.
The birthplace of the Gautama Buddha, Lumbini, is one of the four holy places of Buddhism. It is said in the Parinibbana Sutta that Buddha himself identified four places of future pilgrimage: the sites of his birth, Enlightenment, First Discourse, and death. All these events happened outside in nature under trees. There is no particular significance in this, other than it perhaps explains why Buddhists have always respected the environment and natural law.
Lumbini is situated at the foothills of the Himalayas in modern Nepal. In the Buddha's time, Lumbini was a beautiful garden full of green and shady sal trees (Shorea robusta ). The garden and its tranquil environs were owned by both the Shakyas and the clans. King Suddhodana, father of Gautama Buddha, was of the Shakya dynasty and belonged to the Kshatriya (warrior caste). Maya Devi, his mother, gave birth to the child on her way to her parent's home in Devadaha while resting in Lumbini under a sal tree in the month of May, 642 BC. The beauty of Lumbini is described in Pali and Sanskrit literature. Maya Devi, it is said, was spellbound to see the natural grandeur of Lumbini. While she was standing, she felt labour pains and catching hold of a drooping branch of a sal tree, she gave birth to a baby, the future Buddha.
In 249 BC, when the Indian Emperor Ashoka visited Lumbini, it was a flourishing village. Ashoka constructed four stupas and a stone pillar with a figure of a horse on top. The stone pillar bears an inscription, which in translation runs as follows: 'King Piyadasi (Ashoka), beloved of devas, in the 20th year of the coronation, himself made a royal visit, Buddha Sakyamuni having been born here; a stone railing was built and a stone pillar erected to the Bhagavan having been born here, Lumbini village was taxed reduced and entitled to the eight part (only)'.
Lumbini remained neglected for centuries. In 1895, Feuhrer, a famous German archaeologist, discovered the great pillar while wandering about the foothills of the Churia range. Further exploration and excavation of the surrounding area revealed the existence of a brick temple and sandstone sculpture within the temple itself, which depicts the scenes of the Buddha's birth.
It is pointed out by scholars that the temple of Maya Devi was constructed over the foundations of more than one earlier temple or stupa, and that this temple was probably built on an Ashokan stupa itself. To the south of the Maya Devi temple there is the famous sacred bathing pool known as Puskarni. It is believed that Maya Devi took a bath in this pool before the delivery. By the side of the Ashoka pillar a river which flows south-east and is locally called the Ol. In 1996, an archaeological dig unearthed a 'flawless stone' placed there by Ashoka in 249 BC to mark the precise location of the Buddha's birth more than 2,600 years ago. if authenticated, the find will put Lumbini even more prominently on the map for millions of religious pilgrims.

Historical Description

The Shakya Prince Siddharta Gautama, better known as the Lord Buddha, was born to Queen Mayadevi, wife of King Suddodhana, ruler of Kapilavastu, in 623 BC at the famous gardens of Lumbini, while she was on a journey from her husband's capital of Tilaurakot to her family home in Devadaha.
In 249 BC the devout Buddhist Emperor Ashoka, third of the Mauryan rulers of India, made a pilgrimage to this very sacred area in company with his teacher, Upagupta, and erected pillars at Lumbini, Gotihawa, and Niglihawa, as he did in many parts of India, to commemorate his visit. The inscription on the Lumbini pillar identifies this as the birthplace of the Lord Buddha.
Lumbini was a site of pilgrimage until the 15th century AD. Its early history is well documented in the accounts of Chinese travellers, notably Fa Hsien (4th century AD) and Hsuan Tsang (7th century AD), who described the temples, stupas, and other establishments that they visited there. In the early 14th century King Ripu Malla recorded his pilgrimage in the form of an additional inscription on the Ashoka pillar.
The reasons for its ceasing to attract Buddhist pilgrims after the 15th century remain obscure. The only local cult centred on worship of a 3rd-4th century image of Mayadevi as a Hindu mother goddess. The Buddhist temples fell into disrepair and eventually into ruins, not to be rediscovered until they were identified in 1896 by Dr A Fiihrer and Khadga Samsher, then Governor of Palpa, who discovered the Ashoka pillar.
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Most Beautiful Places in the World Nepal

Most Beautiful Places in the World Nepal


Most beautiful Places in the world Nepal. Nepal is one of the most beautiful Places in the world. Nepal is really a piece of heaven on Earth. Nepal is a country where nature has blesses it too much. It is full of natural blessed country located in South Asia. Nepal is not a artificial beautiful country but totally naturally. And natural beauty is the real beauty of artificial beauty. This type of beauty can be found in Nepal. Nepal, official name the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia. A landlocked country in South Asia, Nepal stands bordered by China in the north and India laying west, east and south of them. The Federal Democratic Republic Kingdom of Nepal is situated in the central part of the Himalayan arc and is tectonically sandwiched between Tibet in the north and India in the south.
Pokhara, Nepal (Most beautiful Places in the world Nepal)

Image source:
Pokhara is one of the most scenic and exciting valley in Nepal. Pokhara is the place of natural lakes. There are several lakes, natural beautiful place alike above photo. It is one of the famous places in the world for treks and natural beauties, sightseeing in Nepal. Pokhara is a piece of heaven in the world. There are many beautiful and interesting places to visit in Nepal, outside the Kathmandu Valley. Pokhara valley is the ‘Jewel of the mid-west’, second major tourist sport in Nepal but the favorite of tourists from around the globe.
 Bouddhanath Stupa (Most beautiful Places in the world Nepal)

Image source:
Nepal is beautiful Indeed. It deserves a lots beautiful places to feel that heaven is on earth. It deserve a lots of investment in tourism sector.  Everybody wish to visit Nepal before he died. The Boudhanath Stupa of Sri Lord Buddha has been given great importance among the temple of Gods and Chaityas of Nepal. This Colossal Buddhist Stupa is one of the biggest Lamaist temple in the world.
 Most beautiful Places in the world Nepal

Mount Everest image source:
With an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827 sq mi) one of richest countries in the world in terms of biodiversity, possessing the greatest altitude variation on earth from 60 m to 8848 m (Mount Everest). The Mount Everest is the highest peak with a peak at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) above sea level in the world.
The other attractive and beautiful places of Nepal are Lumbini, Namche Bazaar( gate way of Mt Everest),  Annapurna Area, Chitwan National Park (932 sq. kms); Langtang region, Manang, Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (175 sq. kms), Royal Bardia National Park (968 sq. kms).
Climatologically as well as from the point of view of drainage the mountain ranges have their importance as they work as a barrier to the system.
All the precipitation on the southern face of Himalayas are converted in to rivers which flow to the south and then either to the east or west according to the configuration.
Like the climate varieties of fauna and flora are also found in Nepal is famous for mountaineering, trekking, sightseeing, bird-watching, wild life while Bengal tigers are found in Nepal.
Himalayas and other ranges have Temperate and Alpine flora. Nature has adorned the subcontinent with different types of lakes. In the Himalayan zone Rara, Phoksundo and Phewa tal are very famous in Nepal. Himalayas of Nepal is the store house of snow.

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Beauty Of Nepal

Beauty Nepal Adventure 

Beauty Nepal Adventure is a humble trekking and mountaineering company owned and established on 28 August 2008 and run solely by guides and porters.All the staff contribute in their own way and the income is shared directly and equally.The long term aim of the company is to ensure that deserving guides and porters and staff from the hills are not deprived of their benefits and the fair amount of payment by unscrupulous middle men and are not left to the mercy of  some uncaring trekkers(who’ve no idea of the harsh reality of the plight of guides and porters)   and that no advantages is being taken of them.
The primary object of this company is to make sure that the arrangement works dually.Your safety,well being and pleasure comes first;and your kindness in providing employment to the porters,guides and other support staff contribute directly in generating monetary support to their families and  their surrounding hills.We work carefully to filter out the needy men,women and boys and girls of the village in selecting the staff.This is to ascertain that the money that is paid to them is put into good use and not wasted on trifle things like alcohol,gambling, etc..Each year,just before the trekking season starts,we make a special scouting trip to the hills in the west and east of Nepal,away from the beaten tracks –where the winds of  development and modernization hasn’t yet blown.We select a few needy and deserving ones on the basis of their being less privileged (financially and other wise),their qualities of integrity,cheerfulness ,honesty and friendliness.Each year after the trekking seasons we revisit the families,just to check out on their well being and keep tabs on other things.Some staff work for long years,while others have to be replaced to make way for the deserving ones.

We train our staff.They start from the bottom rung of the ladder:working as porters,and learning the ropes till in a few years  they make full fledged Gurkhas(sherpas), trekking cooks,guides or sirdars(head of the trekking outfit in the hills or mountains).A few will have  had formal education,a few will just have learnt the alphabet when they start.No matter what their educational back ground,their appetite for learning new skills and their desire to get to travel to far away places in Nepal other than their own,their sense of humor, and cheerfulness when the going gets tough is pretty catching and make them perfect trekking companions with whom to trek again and again the ‘next time’.And they also learn a lot from you and will have something to pass on to other hillfolks.A good way to contribute to ‘development in the hills’.

Though the staff are insured by TAAN against accidents,trekkers have a moral obligation to see that they are properly fed, equipped,clothed.No matter how long the trek is,most staff seldom trek for more than 25 days of the 3 month season.The money that is paid to them has to be stretched a long way before the next trekking season.

Whether the trek is short or long,your employing them means someone in the hills is directly benefiting from their wage.Food for someone,schools fees and educational aids for others,granny’s medicine,clothes for someone else’s kid,rent paid while in the city while waiting for treks and the list goes on and on.On your part, you’ll have the satisfaction of having done the right thing by choosing our staff…and knowing that your contribution has not been in vain.

While on the trek,you’ll be paying for their food,proper clothes and gear.This gesture large or small contributes not just for the staff’s welfare but also seals a psychological bond and makes you and the staff one.It’s going to ensure that because you are looking after him or her,he or she will go out of his way to do his best to make your trek safe,enjoyable,(your wellbeing comes foremost) and worth remembering for a long,long time.It also means you have the satisfaction of having done everything you could for the welfare of the staff and that your trek is going to be a grand success ! 













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General Knowledge About Nepal

1. In order to run the national volunteer service campaign, when did the Government of Nepal establish the ‘Naya Nepal Nirman Kosh’ (New Nepal Building Fund)?
-29 Magh, 2069
2. Which is the South Asian nation that has prohibited the sale of cigarette in its territory?
-Bhutan (since 2004 AD), first in the whole world
3. What is the new name of the Ministry of Physical Planning, Construction and Transport Management?
-Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport Management
4. When was an agreement signed with the Three Gorges of China to construct the West Seti Hydroelectricity Project?
-17 Falgun, 2068
5. Which is the largest bilateral donor to Nepal?
-Japan
6. With the slogan ‘Ek ghar ek charpi, najikai dhara, disamukta desh banaun lagi paraun sara’ (One house one latrine, tap nearby, let’s make open defecation free nation; let’s all strive’, when was the thirteenth national sanitation week organized?
-23-29 Jeth, 2069
7. When did Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao arrive in Kathmandu on his one-day visit?
-30 Paush, 2068
8. Who inaugurated the Global Summit on Changing Vihar organized in Patna, the capital of Vihar, on 5 Falgun, 2068?
-Prime Minister. Dr. Baburam Bhattarai
9. According to the report made public by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) on 26 July, 2011, what is the rank of Nepal on the basis of direct foreign investment?
– 134th (in the recent times, no improvement found in the environment of foreign investment in Nepal)
10. What is the share of Nepal in the total trade of the least developed countries (LDC’s)?
– 0.6%
11. When was the Nepal-India Trade Treaty last signed?
– 27 Oct, 2009
12. Who is the author of novel’Ghanachakkar’?
-Sanjeev Uprety
13. Who is the person to get his name written in the Guinness Book of World Records as the tallest person in the world?
– Turkish Sultan Kosen (8.1 feet)
By what percent was the list of sensitive commodities decided to reduce by the fourth ministerial level meeting of SAFTA held in Kathmandu in Oct. 2009?
– 20%
14. When did Girija Prasad Koirala, a leading personality of democratic movement die?
– Chaitra 7, 2066
15. When was Nepal Tourism Year 2011 formally inaugurated?
– 30 Paush, 2067
16. When did Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, a founder leader of the Nepali Congress and former Prime Minister pass away?
-20 Falgun, 2067
17. How many places of Nepal have been declared wetlands (simsar) now?
– 9
18. Where is the Biodiversity Information established?
– Tikauii, Chitwan
19. When did Sai Baba, a famous spiritual guru of india pass away?
-24 April, 2011
20. When did Tul Bahadur Pun, a Victoria Cross winner, pass away?
– 7 Baishakh, 2068 (Aged 92, in Myagdi)
21. Which is the hospital to start the telemedicine service in Nepal?
– Om Hospital (2 Kartik, 2061) through Appolo Hospital
22. Which national figure of Nepal is known as ‘Himalki Chhori’?
— Pasang Lhamu Sherpa
23. Which intellectual said, “Where the politicians are corrupt, the country collapses”? , –
Machiavelli
24. Where did Jung Bahadur Rana die?
— Pattharghatta, Rautahat
25. When did the session of the first elected House of Representatives begin?
– 16 Asar, 2016
26. Approximately at what rate does temperature decrease with the increase in height?
– 1°C/165 m
27. When did the government declare Magh 1 (Maghe Sankranti) a national festival and public holiday on the day?
– 2065 BS
28. In the presence of the Prime Ministers of both Nepal and India, when did the foreign minister of Nepal Dr. Prakashchandra Lohani and his Indian counterpart Pranav Mukharzee sign the Mahakali
treaty?
– 12 Feb, 1996
29. Who is chairman of the National Land Use Council (Rastriya Uhuupayog Parishad)?
– Vice-Chairman of the National Planning Commission
30. Who does the Nepal Rastra Bank submit its annual report to?
– Ministry of Finance
31. When was industrial census started in Nepal?
– 2022 BS
32. In which country is considered one year of age?
– Japan
33. Who constructed the Shital Niwas that accommodates the present President Building?
– Chandra Shumsher
34. Which pilgrimage site is indicated by the term ‘Harihar Kshetra’ and Aadi Prayag’?
– Devghat
35. Which is the constitutional organ having its zonal-level offices?
— Public Service Commission
36. What is the other name milky way is known as?
— Galaxy
37. Which is the country with midnight sun?
– Norway
38. What are the comets falling on the earth called?
– Shooting stars
39. Why is sound not heard in the space?
– Due to the absence of air
40. Which is the star lying nearest to the sun?
– Proxina Centauri
41. When was the first advisory government formed in Nepal?
-30 Shrawan, 2009
42. Who is the Nepali runner to get his name written in the Guinness book of World Records under the 2005 edition of the Highest Altitude Marathon?
– Hari Rokyaya
43. How many heritages of Nepal have been included in the World Heritage Sites?
– 10
44. How many religious sites of Nepal have been included in the World Heritage Sites?
– 5
45. How many monument zones (Durbar Squares) of Nepal have been included in the World Heritage Sites?
-3
46. What was the Tribhuwan International Airport known as formerly?
-Gaucharan
47. Which place is known as the ‘Cherapunji of Nepal’?
– Pokhara
48.What was the name of the ship which was used by Christopher Columbus during his discovery of America?
– Saint Maria
49. Where is the largest cancer hospital of Nepal located?
– Yagyapuri, Chitwan
50. What land area of Nepal is occupied by the Terai region?
– 17%
51. What portion of the total cultivable land of Nepal is occupied by the Terai region?
– about 53%
52. How many districts of Nepal fall under the Terai region?
— 20
53. Into how many regions is the Terai region sub-divided?
– 3 (Terai, Bhavar, Inner Terai)
54. What are the districts of the Inner Terai?
– Udaypur, Sindhuli, Makawanpur, Chitwan, Nawalparasi, Dang and Surkhet
55. Into how many types is the climate of Nepal classified?
– 5
56. What type of climate is found in the altitude up to 1200 m from the sea level?
– Tropical Monsoon Climate
57. What are areas with tropical monsoon climate?
– Terai, Bhavar, Dun, Inner Terai and Tar
58. What is the name  of the climate found between 1200 m and 2100 m?
– Warm temperate climate
59. What type of vegetation is found in the high mountains and the Himalayas between 3300 m and 5000 m? –
Tundra vegetation
60. Which area is known as treeless area? – Tundra vegetation area In 2020 BS, what percent of the total land of the country was under forest?
-45%
61. How many species of vegetation have been recognized in Nepal?
– 6500 species
62. What is the name of the medicinal plant which is partially an insect and partially a plant?
– Cordyceps (Yarsagumba)
63. How many species of plants with medicinal and aromatic importance have been discovered in Nepal?
– 700 species
64. How many rivers and rivulets are there in Nepal?
– above 6000
65. What portion of land has been covered by rivers and other water resources in Nepal?
0.7%
66. On the basis of influence of the rivers, into how many regions can Nepal be divided?
– 3 (Koshi, Gandaki and Karnali region)
67. What part of the country is indicated by the Koshi region?
— Area between Langtang Himal in the west and Kanchanjungha in the east
68. What part of the country comes under the Gandaki region? – Area between Langtang in the east and Dhaulagiri in the west What part of the country comes under the Kamali region?
— Area between Dhaulagiri in the east and Vyas Rishi Himal in the west

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NEPAL KO PARICHAYE

           About Nepal: An Introduction of Nepal:



Geometrically the country has roughly a rectangular outline located between Latitude 26°22′ and 30°27;’ and longitude between 80°4′ and 88° 12′, with average east-west axis is 885 km and north south 193 km. The total area of the country is 147181 sq km (83% of hill and 17% of the flat terrain of Terai).

Nepal is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of bio-diversity due to its unique geographical position and altitude variation. The elevation of the country ranges from 60 meters above sea level to the highest point on earth, Mt. Everest at 8,848 meters, all within a distance of 150 kilometers resulting in climatic conditions from sub-tropical to arctic. The mountainous north has eight of the world’s ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest called Sagarmatha in Nepali. It contains more than 240 peaks over 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above sea level.The country is a potpourri of ethnic groups and sub-groups who speak over 93 languages and dialects. Nepal offers an astonishing diversity of sightseeing attractions and adventure opportunities found nowhere else on earth.Nepal is the most beautiful and stunning Himalayan country in the world. Though small in size, it is known in the world as a nation of color and contrasts-a hidden Shangri-La of nature, culture and adventure. In the countryside the way of life is still traditional, nature is at its best, high mountains and lush valleys are ideal places for trekking and mountaineering, flora and fauna  invites a nature lover for a rendezvous with them.Nepal and Himalayas-the two names go side by side. Nepal, in political maps, is one of the  smallest countries of the world  but has the amazingly diverse geography, landscapes, culture and traditions. Nepal, situated in the lapse of might Himalayas, is regarded as Dev Bhumi the land of gods and world’s two major religions Hinduism and Buddhism co-exist in perfect religious tolerance. Nepal is rich with traditions of art and culture.

We are concentrating here about Nepal: An introduction of Nepal. Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People’s Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. With an area of 147,181 square kilometers (56,827 sq mi) and a population of approximately 30 million, Nepal is the world’s 93rd largest country by land mass and the 41st most populous country. Kathmandu is the capital of nation and a treasure house of ancient art and culture. The population is 27 (2011).
The garland of white snowcapped Himalaya in the North, calm blue Indian Ocean in the South, Burmese and Sulaiman arcs in the east and west respectively, flourishing the culture since the dawn of Civilisation through the elixir of Ganga-Brahmaputra-Indus water and encompassing six sovereign states (Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan , Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Maldives) from the countries of South Asia. Geologically major part lies on the edge of Indian plate and minor part of the northern region on Euro-asian plate.
The Mechi river makes the eastern border between Darjeeling district of west Bengal of India and Nepal, while the Mahakali river (Sarda) is the western border between Garhwal of India and Nepal the southern border lies on northern edge of Indo-Gangetic plain i.e about 20 to 40 km south from the edge of the hill range.
By some measures, Hinduism is practised by a larger majority of people in Nepal than in any other nation. Buddhism though a minority faith in the country, is linked historically with Nepal. Many Nepali do not distinguish between Hinduism and Buddhism and follow both religious traditions.
A monarchy throughout most of its history, Nepal was ruled by the Shah Dynasty of kings from 1768, when Prithvi Narayan Shah unified its many small kingdoms. However, a decade-long Civil War by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)  and several weeks of mass protests by all major political parties led to the 12 point agreement of November 22, 2005. The ensuing elections for the constituent assembly on May 28, 2008 overwhelmingly favored the abdication of the Nepali monarch Gyanendra Shah and the establishment of a federal multiparty representative democratic republic. The first President of Nepal , Ram Baran Yadav was sworn in on July 23, 2008.
From linguistic and cultural point of view, the Mongolians from north and Indo Aryan from south since pre – historic times have come to form a racial and cultural unison and harmony. Nepal is of course, the home of fierce Gurkhas- Magars, Gurungs, Newars, Rais, Rais and other small groups. They though speak their own language and commemorate their own feasts and fiestas, also unitedly do celebrate the national carnivals at their best. Similarly, from religious point of view, Nepal is the sacred birthplace of Buddha “The prophet of peace and non-violence” So, Buddhism has flourished. And, the Hinduism does have an overwhelming faith on the people. The other religions prevailing are – Christianity, Muslims and Nepal is an agro-based country. Approximately 90% people entirely depend on agriculture. It is carried mainly in the Terai and plain valleys. The Terai produces rice, wheat, sugarcane, fruit oil-seeds etc. Similarly, animal husbandry is a prime occupation in the Himalayan realm, since the high peaks are snowcapped and the hills are forested. Goats, sheep and yaks are reared on the pasturelands. However some educated people are employed in other sectors viz-administration, business, teaching and so on. Now literary rate has gone up to nearly 50%. Therefore, mushrooming numbers of schools and colleges are set up to cater to the need of this modern era. 

Nepal has been made famous for its tourism, trekking, hiking, camping, mountain biking, national wildlife parks, jungle safaris, river rafting, sport fishing, and its many beautiful temples and places of worship.
The other main cities include Pokhara, Biratnagar, Lalitpur (Patan), Bhaktapur, Birendranagar, Bharatpur, Siddhartanagar (Bhairahawa), Birgunj, Janakpur, Nepalgunj, Hetauda, Dharan and Mahendranagar. 

                              


                                           

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